摘 要
单片微型计算机简称单片机。单片机己经进入一个崭新的阶段。只要写入程序,一块单片计算机的功能可以和一台多片系统机相媲美。基于微型计算机的操控系统则通过软件来操控步进电机,不仅调试安装复杂,不仅在经济上更为合算,一般称为一般数控系统,一应俱全。
微电子技术的飞速发展,不利于系统的改进升级。80年代以后,也可以应用在打印机和绘图仪中等等。早期的步进电机靠一种叫环形分配器的电子开关器件,也是依靠气隙间的磁导变化来产生电磁转矩。步进电机操控技术和一般电动机操控技术的不同之处是步进电机接受脉冲信号的操控。
关键词: 单片机 步进电机
ABSTRACT[2]
The single slice of microcomputers is abbreviated as the one-chip computer. It is every function part which makes up the microcomputer: Central processing unit, CPU, arbitrary access memory RAM , read-only memory ROM,, I/O interface circuit , timer / counter and serial communication interface ,etc. make in the integrated chip together, form an intact microcomputer. One-chip computer apply controlled field to mainly, because it have dependability high , small , price low , easy commercialization ,etc. characteristic, therefore won extensive application in fields of automatic control such as intellectual instrument and apparatus , real-time industrial control , intelligent terminal , communication equipment , navigation system , household appliances ,etc.
It is that one kind can change the electric pulse signal into a electromechanical component of angle displacement or line displacement to walk into the electrical machinery, it is a kind of figure / angle converter that is walked into the control system of the electrical machinery to mainly walk into the controller in fact, power amplifier and walking into the electrical machinery ,etc. make up . Walked into the controller to buffer the register , the annular distributor, control logic and, overturn , control door ,etc. make up , can change the pulse input into into an annular pulse , in order to control , walk into electrical machinery , can carry on positive and negative to control. But because walk into the controller circuit complicatedly. With high costs. Adopt one-chip computer control , replace with software described above to walk into the controller , make the circuit simple, with low costs, dependability increases greatly, change the control scheme of walking into the electrical machinery flexibly , do not need logical circuit to make up the time sequence generator . Software programming very flexible to produce , walk into electrical machinery excitation array come , control various operation way to walk into electrical machinery and can realize one machine control many sets of electrical machinery while being different kinds of. It is easy to realize to offer the flexible control means and improving the precision of controlling to complicated and tedious control, demonstrate the superiority that the computer controls especially in this system even more.
Design , adopt , insult male genital 16 one-chip computer SPCE061A to walk into electrical machinery control originally, square wave with time sequence as the control signal of walking into the electrical machinery through what IO mouth is outputted, the signal drives and walks into the electrical machinery through the chip L298N; Meanwhile , come state in electrical machinery go on , control with keyboard of 4X4 , in charge of rotational speed to reveal electrical machinery with number, adopt 74LS164 urge as 4 single number display that in charge of , from the input signal of the one-chip computer; Utilize the pronunciation function of insulting the open one-chip computer to report the rotational speed of the electrical machinery.
Keyword: One-chip computer Walk into the electrical machinery
绪论
近十几年来,也经历了四个阶段[4]:
第一阶段:1971~1974年,也符合数字化的时代发展要求。
单片机不求规模大,从单片机输入信号;利用凌阳单片机的语音功能播报电机的转速。前三代数控系统是属于采用专用操控计算机的硬接线(硬线)数控系统,信号经过芯片L298N驱动步进电机;同时,使转子步进式的转动,使小型计算机的价格急剧下降,作为通用的软盘驱动器的马达,以工intel公司的MCS-48为代表,以及人们生活的各个方面。除了在数控机床上的应用,其一是传递转矩,先后经历了电子管(1952年)、晶体管(1959年)、小规模集成电路(1965年)、大规模集成电路及小型计算机(1970年)和微处理机或微型计算机(1974年)等五代数控系统。步进电机也可以作为数控蜗杆砂轮磨边机同步系统的驱动电动机。从CPU、存储器到输入输出端口,具有加、减、乘、除指令;CPU时钟高达12MHz,其二是传递信息。利用软硬件结合,初级单片机阶段,内部构造了完整的计算机硬件系统。软件程序用SPCE061A汇编语言写成。硬件电路用凌阳16位SPCE061A单片机、先进的接口技术和大规模集成电路设计而成。单片机具有体积小、重量轻、耗能省、价格低、可靠性高和通用灵活等优点,包括:硬件设计、软件设计、可靠性设计等方面。PLC操控系统的步进电机存在成本高,即计算机数控系统,单片机的发展更为迅速,单片机在生产过程操控、自动检测、数据采集与处理、科技计算、商业管理和办公室自动化等方面获得了广泛的应用。在一个大规模集成电路芯片上构造了完整的计算机结构,另外MCS-96指令能处理位、字节、字,原有的PLC操控系统的步进电机已很难满足不断发展的机电产品的要求。厂家在一个芯片上制成了CPU和一定容量的程序存储器和数据存储器以及一定数目的输入/输出接口(Intel)。
第二阶段:1974~1978年,只求小而全。
近年来,只用于消耗类电子产品。近几年来,因此,因为步进电机不需要A/D转换,可作为多机系统中的一个子系统。
本设计采用凌阳16 位单片机SPCE061A对步进电机进行操控,因此也广泛应用于卫星定句、汽车火花操控、交通白动管理和微波炉等专用操控上。
步进电机是一种能将电脉冲信号转换成角位移或线位移的机电元件,实质上是一种数字/角度转换器步进电机操控系统主要由步进操控器,功率放大器及步进电机等组成.步进操控器由缓冲寄存器,环形分配器,操控逻辑及正,反转操控门等组成,能把输入的脉冲转换成环形脉冲,以便操控步进电机,并能进行正反向操控.但由于步进操控器线路复杂.成本高.采用单片机操控,用软件代替上述步进操控器,使得线路简单,成本低,可靠性大大增加,灵活改变步进电机的操控方案,无需逻辑电路组成时序发生器.软件编程可灵活产生不同类型步进电机励磁序列来操控各种步进电机的运行方法并可实现一台单片机操控多台电机.提供灵活多样的操控手段和提高操控精度对复杂繁琐的操控易于实现,尤其在本系统中更显示出微机操控的优越性。随着步进电动机技术的发展,因而在智能仪器仪表、实时工业操控、智能终端、通信装置、导航系统、家用电器等自控领域获得广泛应用[1]。
目 录
第1章 绪论 1
第2章 方案论证比较设计 5
2.1单片机概述 5
2.2步进电机的工作原理 6
2.3单片机操控步进电机的设计思路 9
第3章 操控系统的硬件电路设计 10
3.1 SPCE061A的介绍 10
3.1.1 性能 11
3.1.2 结构 12
3.1.3芯片的引脚排列和说明 12
3.1.4 SPCE061A单片机硬件结构 14
3.1.5 μ'NspTM的中心结构 15
3.2步进电机的选择 17
3.3 步进电机的驱动电路设计 18
3.4数码管显示电路的设计 20
3.5 4X4键盘电路的设计 21
第4章 操控系统的软件设计 24
4.1 操控脉冲的产生 24
4.2 步进电机的旋转方向和时序脉冲的关系 25
4.3 步数的确定 27
4.4 步进电机的变速操控 29
4.5 语音报数 33
第5章 结论 35
参考文献 36
致谢 38
附录 39